1. Excuse Me (Özür dilerim)
This is generally a term to ask permission for something.
E. g. you're walking through a crowded space and someone is in your way. You would say "excuse me" to ask them to move out of your way. It is also used while interrupting or disagreeing with a speaker.
2. Pardon me (Efendim?)
A request to a speaker to repeat something because one did not hear or understand it.
E. g. "Pardon?" I said, cupping a hand to my ear"
3. I beg your pardon (Efendim?): similar to pardon me
4. I'm sorry (Üzgünüm)
This is generally a term used to apologize for something you shouldn't have done. For example, if you walk by someone and accidentally bump into their table, you would say "I'm sorry. "
5. Forgive me (Beni affet) : Similar to 'I'm sorry'
6. What? (Ne?)
This is generally used by Americans to ask someone to repeat themselves, although it could be considered somewhat less refined.
7. Come again? (Ne dedin?)
This is an informal term and is used to ask someone to repeat or explain something they have said.
8. Say what? (Ne dedin?)
This is an informal term and is used to ask someone to repeat or explain something they have said.
9. I beg to differ (Maalesef aynı görüşte değilim) : Used to disagree with someone.
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