How ' - ing' verbs are made:
1. y + ing = ying
play = playing
fly = flying
study = studying
2. e = (drop the e) + ing
If the verb ends in an E we remove the E and add ING.
dance - dancing
fake = faking
rhyme = rhyming
3. ee + ing = eeing
see = seeing
flee = fleeing
agree = agreeing
4. ie = ie (drop the ie) + ing
If the verb ends in IE we change it to YING.
die = dying
lie = lying
tie = tying
5. c/v/c* = double final c + ing
If the verb ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant, we double the final consonant and add ING.
run = running
put = putting
stop = stopping
6. If a two - syllable verb ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant, we do not double the final consonant when the stress is on the first syllable.
Infinitive - ING form
to happen - happening
to enter - entering
to offer - offering
to suffer - suffering
7. We do not double the final consonant when the verb ends in W, X or Y or when the final syllable is not emphasized.
Infinitive - ING form
to fix - fixing
to enjoy - enjoying
to snow - snowing
8. If the verb ends in a stressed vowel + R, we double the final R and add ING.
Infinitive - ING form
refer - referring
defer - deferring
9. If the verb ends in an unstressed vowel + R, we do not double the final R and add ING.
Infinitive - ING form
to offer - offering
to suffer - suffering
to whisper - whispering