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Reported speech: Practice of tenses
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टिप
She said, \'I like ice-cream\'
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उसने कहा \'मुझे आइसक्रीम पसंद है\'.
यह 'direct speech' है - हम किसी की कही गयी बात को, उन्हीं के (वक्ता के) शब्दों में दोहरा रहे हैं.
क्यूंकि बोलने वाला खुद को 'I' से सम्बोधित करता है, इसलिए जब हम उन्हीं के शब्दों में बात दोहराते हैं, तो कहे गए वाक्य में 'I' आता है.
जब हम वक्ता के शब्दों में बात दोहराते हैं, तो कहे गए वाक्य को \'inverted commas\' के अंदर लिखते हैं.
क्यूंकि बोलने वाला खुद को 'I' से सम्बोधित करता है, इसलिए जब हम उन्हीं के शब्दों में बात दोहराते हैं, तो कहे गए वाक्य में 'I' आता है.
जब हम वक्ता के शब्दों में बात दोहराते हैं, तो कहे गए वाक्य को \'inverted commas\' के अंदर लिखते हैं.
She said (that) she liked ice-cream
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उसने कहा कि उसको आईसक्रीम पसंद है.
यह 'reported speech' है - हम किसी की कही गयी बात को, अपने शब्दों में दोहरा रहे हैं.
यहाँ बोलने वाला 'she' (3rd person) है. इसलिए जब हम उसकी कही बात को दोहराते हैं, तो हम उसको 'she' से ही सम्बोधित करते हैं.
यहाँ बोलने वाला 'she' (3rd person) है. इसलिए जब हम उसकी कही बात को दोहराते हैं, तो हम उसको 'she' से ही सम्बोधित करते हैं.
टिप
I said, 'I am the best student of the class'
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मैंने कहा, \'मैं कक्षा का सबसे अच्छा विद्यार्थी हूँ\'.
I said (that) I was the best student of the class = मैंने कहा कि मैं कक्षा का सबसे अच्छा विद्यार्थी था.
यहाँ आप स्वयं के द्वारा कही गयी बात को ही रिपोर्ट कर रहे हैं. यहाँ बोलने वाले आप स्वयं हैं (I).
इसलिए रिपोर्टेड स्पीच में Personal pronoun - 'I', नहीं बदलेगा. क्योंकि आप स्वयं के शब्दों में बात करते समय, स्वयं को 'I' से ही सम्बोधित करेंगे.
टिप
She told Neha, \'You are pretty\'
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उसने नेहा को कहा \'तुम सुन्दर हो\'.
पहले वाक्य में क्योंकि Direct speech है, हम बात को बोलने वाले के शब्दों में दोहरा रहे हैं.
She told Neha that she was pretty
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उसने नेहा को कहा कि वह सुन्दर है.
यहाँ You -> She में इसलिए बदला, क्यूंकि रिपोर्ट करते समय, 'Neha' आपके लिए 3rd person है (अन्य पुरुष).
Reported speech में नेहा 2nd person इसलिए नहीं है, क्योंकि आप सीधे उस से बात नहीं कर रहे.
यहाँ You -> She में इसलिए बदला, क्यूंकि रिपोर्ट करते समय, 'Neha' आपके लिए 3rd person है (अन्य पुरुष).
Reported speech में नेहा 2nd person इसलिए नहीं है, क्योंकि आप सीधे उस से बात नहीं कर रहे.
टिप
Sachin said, \'I work in Delhi.\'
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सचिन ने कहा \'मैं दिल्ली में काम करता हूँ.\'
Direct Speech: Sachin said, \'I work in Delhi.\'
Sachin said (that) he worked in Delhi
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सचिन ने कहा कि वह दिल्ली में काम करता था.
Reported speech: यहाँ work-> worked में बदल गया क्योंकि रिपोर्टेड स्पीच का verb (said) भूत काल में है. जब हम direct speech को reported speech में बदलते हैं, तो अगर reported verb (eg: said) भूतकाल में हो, तो reported speech का tense, direct speech में दिए tense का भूतकाल रूप बन जाता है
कभी कभी ऐसे वाक्यों में tense नहीं बदलता - यह तब होता है, जब, हम जो बोल रहे हैं, वो अब भी सच हो, या कोई 'universal truth' हो (eg: The Sun is a star).
कभी कभी ऐसे वाक्यों में tense नहीं बदलता - यह तब होता है, जब, हम जो बोल रहे हैं, वो अब भी सच हो, या कोई 'universal truth' हो (eg: The Sun is a star).
| 'I boil the water before drinking, he said.' की सही रिपोर्टेड स्पीच चुनिए.; |
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He said that he is boiling the water before drinking.
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He said that he boiled the water before drinking.
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He said that he boil the water before drinking.
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He said that he was boiled the water before drinking.
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| 'I always drink coffee, she said.' की सही रिपोर्टेड स्पीच चुनिए.; |
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She said that she always drank coffee.
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She said that she always drink coffee.
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She said that she always drunk coffee.
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She said that she always dranked coffee.
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टिप
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Reported speech में अनुवाद करते समय हमेशा tense, reported verb (says, said, told, said to) के मुताबिक बदला जाता है.
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e.g. \'I work in Ahmedabad,\' he told.
He told me that he worked in Ahmedabad.
He says, \'I am going to the park.\'
He says that he is going to the park.
He said, \'I am going to the park.\'
He said that he was going to the park.
He said to me, \'I am going to the park\'
He told me that he was going to the park.
He told me that he worked in Ahmedabad.
He says, \'I am going to the park.\'
He says that he is going to the park.
He said, \'I am going to the park.\'
He said that he was going to the park.
He said to me, \'I am going to the park\'
He told me that he was going to the park.
| 'I am reading a book, he explained.' की सही रिपोर्टेड स्पीच चुनिए.; |
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He explained that he was reads a book.
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He explained that he was readed a book.
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He explained that he was reading a book.
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He explained that he was read a book.
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| 'I am brushing my teeth, he said.' की सही रिपोर्टेड स्पीच चुनिए.; |
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He said that he was brush his teeth.
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He said that he was brushes his teeth.
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He said that he was brushed his teeth.
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He said that he was brushing his teeth.
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| 'Zoya arrived on Monday, he said.' की सही रिपोर्टेड स्पीच चुनिए; |
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He said that Zoya had arrived on Monday.
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He said that Zoya had arrives on Monday.
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He said that Zoya had arriving on Monday.
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He said that Zoya had arrive on Monday.
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| 'Dev borrowed my pen she said.' की सही रिपोर्टेड स्पीच चुनिए.; |
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She said that Dev had borrowed her pen.
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She said that Dev had borrows her pen.
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She said that Dev had borrow her pen.
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She said that Dev had borrowing her pen.
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| '\'I have been to the fruit market\', he said.' की सही रिपोर्टेड स्पीच चुनिए. |
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He said that he had been to the fruit market.
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He said that he been to the fruit market.
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| 'I had just turned out the light, she explained.' की सही रिपोर्टेड स्पीच चुनिए.; |
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She explained that she is turned out the light.
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She explained that she has just turned out the light.
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She explained that she will turned out the light.
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She explained that she had just turned out the light.
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| '\'We had gone out for lunch\', he said.' की सही रिपोर्टेड स्पीच चुनिए. |
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He said that they had gone out for lunch.
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He said that they is gone out for lunch.
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| 'We have been watching the TV since morning, he exclaimed.' की सही रिपोर्टेड स्पीच चुनिए. |
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He exclaimed that they had been wotching the TV since morning.
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He exclaimed that they had been watching the TV since morning.
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| '\'We have been sleeping for hours\', he said.' की सही रिपोर्टेड स्पीच चुनिए |
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He said that they are sleeping for hours.
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He said that they had been sleeping for hours.
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उन्होंने मुझे कहा कि वे दिन में सोये हुए थे.
- sleeping in the day.
- that they being
- sleeps in the day.
- that they had been
- that they were been
- They told me
उन्होंने मुझे बताया कि वे कोलकाता में रह रहे थे.
- They tells me that
- they were been
- they had been
- lives in Kolkata.
- living in Kolkata.
- They told me that
उसने कहा कि वह रविवार को असम में होगा.
- on Sunday.
- he would be
- He said that
- at Sunday.
- in Assam
- will be
उसने कहा कि वह उस से अगले शुक्रवार को मिलने जायेगा.
- to meet her
- to meets her
- he said that
- next Friday.
- he will go
- he goes
'Direct से Reported Speech में बदलते वक़्त tenses इस प्रकार से बदलते हैं
| direct | reported speech |
| simple present tense | simple past tense |
| present continuous tense | past continuous tense |
| simple past tense | past perfect tense |
| present perfect tense | past perfect tense |
| past perfect tense | past perfect tense |
| future tense | present conditional tense |
| future continuous tense | conditional continuous tense |
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