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Lesson 255
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بقشیش/هدیه
‏When I arrived at the station‎,‎ the train had already left‎.‎ = عندما وصلت إلى المحطة كان القطار قد غادر بالفعل
We use past perfect tense to show that an action has already happened before another action in the past.
Action 1: The train left. Action 2: I arrived at the station.
For the main action (action 2) we use the simple past tense.
For the earlier action (action 1) we use the simple past perfect tense or past perfect progressive tense.

Past perfect tense is used if 'action 1' was fully complete.
‏When I arrived at the station‎,‎ the train had already been whistling for 2 minutes = عندما وصلت إلى المحطة كان القطار قد بدأ التصفير منذ دقيقتين
Past perfect progressive is used if 'action 1' was going on till the instant that 'action 2' happened. It focuses on the duration of the action (action 1).
أكمل الفراغ بإختيار اللفظ المناسب
On September 1st, a tsunami in the Indian ocean killed five men who had ______
been sitting
sat
sitted
أكمل الفراغ بإختيار اللفظ المناسب
She ______
had been wait
had been waited
had been waiting
had waiting
بقشیش/هدیه
‏The waves had been hitting the shore since last night before the tsunami came = الأمواج كانت تلاطم الشاطئ قبل أن يأتي التسونامي ليلة البارحة
We use the past perfect progressive to talk about a longer earlier action that had been in progress up to a later past time. Past perfect Progressive focuses on the duration of the earlier unfinished action.
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بقشیش/هدیه
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I'm sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me early because the show started at 8:00. I had been trying to get tickets for that play for months, and I didn't want to miss it.
By the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to meet, I had had five cups of coffee and I had been waiting over an hour. I had to leave because I had arranged to meet Amena in front of the theater.
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Notice the tenses in the underlined phrases. Wherever, duration of the past action has been specified, the past perfect progressive tense has been used.
In other cases, when the previous action has already been completed, then, simple past perfect tense has been used.
أكمل الفراغ بإختيار اللفظ المناسب
They had ______
been thinking
been thought
been think
أكمل الفراغ بإختيار اللفظ المناسب
A lot of smoke came in because I ______
had forgotten
have forgotten
had been forgotten
had been forgetting
أكمل الفراغ بإختيار اللفظ المناسب
The same Tsunami reached Bengal four hours later, after it ______
had traveling
had been traveled
had traveled
had been traveling
أكمل الفراغ بإختيار اللفظ المناسب
It reached Bengal 4 hours later, after it had traveled 3,620 kilometers. This means that it ______
had been moving
had been moved
أكمل الفراغ بإختيار اللفظ المناسب
When the wave got to Bengal, it ______
had reached
have reached
had been reaching
had been reached
أكمل الفراغ بإختيار اللفظ المناسب
By the time it left Bengal, the tsunami ______
has killed
kill
had killed
had been killing
أكمل الفراغ بإختيار اللفظ المناسب
The island was badly damaged and the tsunami ______
had been destroyed
had destroyed
أكمل الفراغ بإختيار اللفظ المناسب
The reporter ______
had been speaking
had speaking
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اسمع
بقشیش/هدیه
اللفظ الآتی