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Degrees of Adjectives: Positive and Comparative Degree
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An adjective is a word that modifies (gives more information about) a noun or pronoun.
E.g. 'Tall' man, 'old' house, 'red' car.
E.g. 'Tall' man, 'old' house, 'red' car.
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Degrees of adjectives
'An adjective' can exist in three forms – Positive, Comparative and Superlative.
(i) The positive form is the base form of the adjective. It denotes the mere existence of a quality.
(ii) The comparative form expresses a higher degree of some quality.
(iii) The superlative form expresses the highest degree.
'An adjective' can exist in three forms – Positive, Comparative and Superlative.
(i) The positive form is the base form of the adjective. It denotes the mere existence of a quality.
(ii) The comparative form expresses a higher degree of some quality.
(iii) The superlative form expresses the highest degree.
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Irregular Adjectives A small number of adjectives are irregular in the way they make comparative and superlative forms.
The normal (regular) way to make comparative and superlative adjectives is to add -er/-est or use more/most, like this:
big → bigger → biggest
expensive → more expensive → most expensive
Irregular adjectives use completely different forms.
Note, however, that some adjectives can be both regular and irregular, sometimes with a slight change in meaning.
The normal (regular) way to make comparative and superlative adjectives is to add -er/-est or use more/most, like this:
big → bigger → biggest
expensive → more expensive → most expensive
Irregular adjectives use completely different forms.
Note, however, that some adjectives can be both regular and irregular, sometimes with a slight change in meaning.
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Regular Adjectives
Regular adjectives are simple. They describe nouns and usually come right before those nouns.
E.g. Big bus,
Tiny mouse,
Pleasing person
Regular adjectives are simple. They describe nouns and usually come right before those nouns.
E.g. Big bus,
Tiny mouse,
Pleasing person
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| Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
| Sad | Sadder | Saddest |
| Happy | Happier | Happiest |
| Unusual | More unusual | Most unusual |
| Good | Better | Best |
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The comparative form is used to compare two people or things:
Look at these examples:
(i) Neptune is big. It’s 'bigger' than Earth.
(ii)This puzzle is easy. It is 'easier' than the last one.
(iii) The film was not interesting. The book was 'more interesting' than the film.
In the above examples: 'bigger', 'easier' and 'more interesting' are comparative adjectives.
Look at these examples:
(i) Neptune is big. It’s 'bigger' than Earth.
(ii)This puzzle is easy. It is 'easier' than the last one.
(iii) The film was not interesting. The book was 'more interesting' than the film.
In the above examples: 'bigger', 'easier' and 'more interesting' are comparative adjectives.
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I] We use 'comparative adjectives' to
describe people and things:
i) This house is certainly 'better', but it’s much 'more expensive'. (Here although it hasn't been mentioned, but it is clear that 'this house' is being compared to 'a set of other houses')
ii) I’m feeling 'happier' now. (I am feeling happier than how I was feeling before)
iii) We need a 'bigger' garden. (We need a bigger garden than our current garden)
describe people and things:
i) This house is certainly 'better', but it’s much 'more expensive'. (Here although it hasn't been mentioned, but it is clear that 'this house' is being compared to 'a set of other houses')
ii) I’m feeling 'happier' now. (I am feeling happier than how I was feeling before)
iii) We need a 'bigger' garden. (We need a bigger garden than our current garden)
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II] To compare two different things:
We use 'than' when we want to compare one thing with 'another':
E.g. 1: Nina is two years older 'than' her sister.
E.g. 2: New York is much bigger 'than' Dallas.
Remember, although we use 'comparative adjectives' when talking about 'two things' (not three or more things), in fact, one or both of these things may be a group of things.
E.g. Mount Everest is higher than all other mountains. ('All other mountains' is a group here.)
We use 'than' when we want to compare one thing with 'another':
E.g. 1: Nina is two years older 'than' her sister.
E.g. 2: New York is much bigger 'than' Dallas.
Remember, although we use 'comparative adjectives' when talking about 'two things' (not three or more things), in fact, one or both of these things may be a group of things.
E.g. Mount Everest is higher than all other mountains. ('All other mountains' is a group here.)
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Pick the correct option:
In India, May is ______
hotter |
hoter |
hottest |
hot |
Pick the correct option:
Ann is ______
good looking |
good more looking |
better looking |
Pick the correct option:
This building is ______
tall than |
tallest than |
the tallest |
Pick the correct option:
Life in the desert is ______
drearier |
as dreary as |
the dreariest |
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When we want to describe 'how something or someone changes' we can use two comparatives with 'and':
E.g. i) The ulcer got 'bigger and bigger'.
ii) Everything is getting 'more and more' expensive.
iii) Aunt Mary is looking 'older and older'.
E.g. i) The ulcer got 'bigger and bigger'.
ii) Everything is getting 'more and more' expensive.
iii) Aunt Mary is looking 'older and older'.
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We often use 'the' with comparative adjectives to show that one thing depends on another:
E.g. When you work hard it is more rewarding –> (The harder you work, the more rewarding it is).
E.g. When they climbed higher it got colder –> (The higher they climbed, the colder it got).
E.g. When you work hard it is more rewarding –> (The harder you work, the more rewarding it is).
E.g. When they climbed higher it got colder –> (The higher they climbed, the colder it got).
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When we compare two objects, persons, qualities, degrees etc., we may use the comparison of equality.
This is formed by the use of:
'as + adjective / adverb + as'
(Your house is as large as mine.)
This is formed by the use of:
'as + adjective / adverb + as'
(Your house is as large as mine.)
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| Adjective type | Adjective | Comparative |
| Short adjective (one syllable) | Old, long | Older, longer |
| Adjectives ending in one vowel + one consonant | Big, hot | Bigger, hotter |
| Two– syllable adjectives ending in –y | Ugly, noisy, messy | Uglier, noisier, messier |
| Longer adjective(with two or more syllables) | Careful, expensive, beautiful | More careful, more expensive, more beautiful |
| With some two syllable adjective both –er and –est endings and more/most are possible | Polite, common | More polite, politer, more common, commoner |
| With some two syllable adjectives only an –er and –est ending is possible | Narrow, simple, clever | Narrower, simpler, cleverer |
Pick the correct option:
No other country sells ______
as many |
more |
Pick the correct option:
Chinese is ______
difficult |
Pick the correct option:
I think her grandfather must be ______
older |
elder |
| 'Pick the correct option:' ; |
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The faster you drive, the more dangerous it is.
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The faster you drive, more dangerous it is.
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The fast you drive, the more dangerous it is.
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Fast you drive, the more dangerous it is.
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Pick the correct option:
How is your mother today? Is she any ______
better |
good |
Pick the correct option:
I think you require a ______
more nutritious. |
most nutritious |
Pick the correct option:
She is ______
as pretty as |
more pretty as |
as pretty like |
as prettier as |
Pick the correct option:
The more he read, the ______
less he understood |
least he understood |
| 'As he grew older he became wiser.' can also be written as:; |
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The older he grew, the wiser he became
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The wiser he became, the older he grew
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He is as old as how wise he is
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He is wiser than how old he is
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Pick the correct option:
Iron is ______
more useful |
most useful |
the more useful |
Pick the correct option:
He doesn't know much. I know ______
much than he does |
more than he does |
more than he |
Pick the correct option:
I think she is still ill. She looks even ______
worse |
worst |
badder |
bad |
Pick the correct option:
The pages in this book are whiter than ______
that book |
Pick the correct option:
My shoes are prettier than ______
hers |
her |
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