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Verbs: Regular and Irregular
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'A verb is a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence. Verbs in English have four basic forms'^~^'typefacestyle'
| Base form | –ing form | Past Tense | Past Participle |
| Work | Working | Worked | Worked |
| Play | Playing | Played | Played |
| Listen | Listening | Listened | Listened |
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A verb can express:
i) A physical action (e.g., to swim, to write, to climb).
E.g. The doctor 'wrote' the prescription.
ii) A mental action (e.g., to think, to guess, to consider).
E.g. Mary 'guessed' the right number.
iii) A state of being (e.g., to be, to exist, to appear).
E.g. It 'was' a joke.
i) A physical action (e.g., to swim, to write, to climb).
E.g. The doctor 'wrote' the prescription.
ii) A mental action (e.g., to think, to guess, to consider).
E.g. Mary 'guessed' the right number.
iii) A state of being (e.g., to be, to exist, to appear).
E.g. It 'was' a joke.
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Regular and Irregular Verbs
Regular verbs – Most verbs are regular verbs. Regular verbs are those whose past tense and past participles are formed by adding a '–d' or an '–ed' to the end of the verb. Here's how past participle of regular verbs is formed.
i) If the verb ends with 'a vowel', only 'd' is added.
E.g.
a) Share – Shared, has shared
b) Scare – Scared, has scared
c) Dare – Dared, has dared.
Regular verbs – Most verbs are regular verbs. Regular verbs are those whose past tense and past participles are formed by adding a '–d' or an '–ed' to the end of the verb. Here's how past participle of regular verbs is formed.
i) If the verb ends with 'a vowel', only 'd' is added.
E.g.
a) Share – Shared, has shared
b) Scare – Scared, has scared
c) Dare – Dared, has dared.
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ii) If a regular verb ends with 'a consonant', 'ed' is added.
E.g.
a) Want – Wanted
b) Shout – Shouted
c) Kill – Killed
E.g.
a) Want – Wanted
b) Shout – Shouted
c) Kill – Killed
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English verbs have five basic forms:
i) The base form(or root),
ii) 3rd person singular or –s form,
iii) –ing form (Present participle),
iv) Past form,
v) Past participle form.
This lesson will focus on the present, past and past participle forms.
The root form is usually the easiest form to figure out. It’s the infinitive form with to removed:
To see – see
To be – be
To wear – wear
To go – go
To be – be
i) The base form(or root),
ii) 3rd person singular or –s form,
iii) –ing form (Present participle),
iv) Past form,
v) Past participle form.
This lesson will focus on the present, past and past participle forms.
The root form is usually the easiest form to figure out. It’s the infinitive form with to removed:
To see – see
To be – be
To wear – wear
To go – go
To be – be
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Look at these examples:
i) Last night I 'chose' what to have for dinner; today you 'choose' the cuisine.
'Chose' is the past simple tense of 'choose'.
ii) The pond is starting to 'freeze'. Do you remember when it 'froze' last year?
'Freeze' is the simple tense form of the verb. Froze is the past simple tense.
iii) He has hidden my key somewhere and I can't find it. Did he tell you where he hid it? I'm going to tell him not to hide my things; it's not funny!
Hide is the present tense, hid is the past simple and hidden is the past participle form of the verb.
Strictly speaking, in English, only two tenses are marked in the verb alone, present (as in \'he sings\') and past (as in \'he sang\').
i) Last night I 'chose' what to have for dinner; today you 'choose' the cuisine.
'Chose' is the past simple tense of 'choose'.
ii) The pond is starting to 'freeze'. Do you remember when it 'froze' last year?
'Freeze' is the simple tense form of the verb. Froze is the past simple tense.
iii) He has hidden my key somewhere and I can't find it. Did he tell you where he hid it? I'm going to tell him not to hide my things; it's not funny!
Hide is the present tense, hid is the past simple and hidden is the past participle form of the verb.
Strictly speaking, in English, only two tenses are marked in the verb alone, present (as in \'he sings\') and past (as in \'he sang\').
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a) When to use the simple past tense
We use the simple past tense for actions that began and finished in the past. We do not have to say exactly when. The important thing is that it happened and is not happening now.
E.g. I ate it.
b) When to use the past participle:
The past participle is used with the following tenses:
i) Present Perfect: I have seen it.
ii) Past Perfect: I had seen it.
iii) Future Perfect: I will have seen it.
iv) 3rd Conditional: I would have seen it.
v) Passives: It was seen.
We use the simple past tense for actions that began and finished in the past. We do not have to say exactly when. The important thing is that it happened and is not happening now.
E.g. I ate it.
b) When to use the past participle:
The past participle is used with the following tenses:
i) Present Perfect: I have seen it.
ii) Past Perfect: I had seen it.
iii) Future Perfect: I will have seen it.
iv) 3rd Conditional: I would have seen it.
v) Passives: It was seen.
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Pick the correct option:
I am hungry. I haven't ______
eat |
ate |
Arrange the jumbled words
- is
- was
- New York yesterday
- Thomas
- in
- has been
Pick the correct option:
We ______
beat |
beated |
beaten |
Pick the correct option:
Hollywood ______
bid |
bidded |
Pick the correct option:
A consortium of dealers ______
bid or bade |
bid (but not bade) |
bidded |
Pick the correct option:
I haven't ______
begun |
beginned |
began |
beganned |
Pick the correct option:
I wouldn't have ______
guessed |
guessen |
guess |
guessened |
Pick the correct option:
Your buggy product ______
cost |
costed |
Pick the correct option:
An insect ______
crept |
creeped |
Pick the correct option:
She ______
cloth |
clothed |
clothe |
Pick the correct option:
I have ______
had |
have |
haved |
Pick the correct option:
The raiders ______
fed |
feded |
feeded |
Pick the correct option:
They ______
forbade |
forbidded |
forbidden |
Pick the correct option:
She had ______
run |
ran |
Pick the correct option:
A strong wind ______
woke |
wake |
waked |
woken |
Pick the correct option:
Have you ______
caught |
catched |
Pick the correct option:
How many pieces have you ______
cut |
cutted |
cutten |
Pick the correct option:
Have you ever ______
gone |
went |
go |
goned |
Pick the correct option:
She ______
put |
putted |
putten |
Arrange the jumble words.
- lost
- my watch yesterday
- I
- loose
- loosed
- losed
Pick the correct option:
He was ______
killed |
kill |
Pick the correct option:
He has ______
written |
wrote |
write |
wrotten |
Pick the correct option:
Yesterday, they ______
cleaned |
cleant |
cleand |
cleanded |
Pick the correct option:
The Mississippi River, which is the chief river of the United States, ______
flows |
flew |
flowed |
Pick the correct option:
Do you know that Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States, ______
is headed |
headed |
head |
Pick the correct option:
Amelia Earhart was the first woman ______
to fly |
flew |
flying |
Pick the correct option:
My sister ______
bought |
brought |
buyed |
Pick the correct option:
We need to support leaders around the world who do not speak for the big polluters, but for the billions of underprivileged people out there who would be ______
most affected |
most effected |
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