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Main Verbs
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Main (principal) Verb and Auxiliary (helping) Verb
1. Main Verbs:
Read these sentences:
• James has a new bicycle.
• They have a big garden.
• I go to school every day.
• She teaches English.
In these sentences, the verb words 'has', 'have', 'go' and 'teach(es)' express a meaning of their own, the idea of possession or physical action. Verbs which have a meaning of their own, agree with the person and number of the Subject of a sentence and show the time (tense) at which the activities happen are called MAIN (PRINCIPAL) VERBS.
1. Main Verbs:
Read these sentences:
• James has a new bicycle.
• They have a big garden.
• I go to school every day.
• She teaches English.
In these sentences, the verb words 'has', 'have', 'go' and 'teach(es)' express a meaning of their own, the idea of possession or physical action. Verbs which have a meaning of their own, agree with the person and number of the Subject of a sentence and show the time (tense) at which the activities happen are called MAIN (PRINCIPAL) VERBS.
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2. Auxiliary Verbs:
• James has returned from his office.
• They have caught the thief.
• I am going to school now.
• She will teach English next year.
In these sentences, though the verbs: 'has', 'have', 'am' and 'will' are used, they do not express any idea of possession on their own, nor do they have any meaning of their own.
They do not, independently, communicate any action.
They merely help to form the TENSES – present perfect, present continuous and simple future, respectively, of the verbs: return, catch, go and teach.
Such verbs are called AUXILIARY (HELPING) VERBS.
• James has returned from his office.
• They have caught the thief.
• I am going to school now.
• She will teach English next year.
In these sentences, though the verbs: 'has', 'have', 'am' and 'will' are used, they do not express any idea of possession on their own, nor do they have any meaning of their own.
They do not, independently, communicate any action.
They merely help to form the TENSES – present perfect, present continuous and simple future, respectively, of the verbs: return, catch, go and teach.
Such verbs are called AUXILIARY (HELPING) VERBS.
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The following are the Auxiliary (helping) Verbs in English:
“Be” and its forms — am, is, are, was were, been and being
“Have” and its forms — has, had and been
“Do” and its forms — does and did
Modal verbs: shall, should; will, would; can, could; may, might; must; ought (to); need; dare; used (to).
We shall look into auxiliaries in the next lesson.
“Be” and its forms — am, is, are, was were, been and being
“Have” and its forms — has, had and been
“Do” and its forms — does and did
Modal verbs: shall, should; will, would; can, could; may, might; must; ought (to); need; dare; used (to).
We shall look into auxiliaries in the next lesson.
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Look at these examples:
Impatient Alex is always waiting to taste whatever I cook.
Is is an auxiliary verb; Waiting is the present participle form of the main verb
Naomi was hoping for an A in her organic chemistry class.
Was is the auxiliary verb; Hoping is the present participle completing the verb phrase.
Impatient Alex is always waiting to taste whatever I cook.
Is is an auxiliary verb; Waiting is the present participle form of the main verb
Naomi was hoping for an A in her organic chemistry class.
Was is the auxiliary verb; Hoping is the present participle completing the verb phrase.
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| 'I am baking chocolate-broccoli muffins today.' Does this sentence contain an auxiliary verb? |
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Yes
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No
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| 'Alex is sitting at the kitchen table, anticipating his first bite.' How many main verbs are present in this sentence?; |
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One main verb
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Two main verbs
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Three main verbs
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No main verbs
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| 'Jerry caught his thumb in the car door as coffee spilled from his cup onto his favorite shirt.' Pick the auxiliary verb in this sentence.; |
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Caught
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Spilled
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No auxiliary verb
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Onto
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The so-called NICE properties of auxiliaries serve to distinguish them from main verbs. NICE is an acronym for:
Negation is when Auxiliaries take not or n't to form the negative, E.g. cannot, don't, wouldn't
Inversion is when the Auxiliaries invert with what precedes them when we form questions: [I will] see you soon ~[Will I] see you soon?
Code means Auxiliaries may occur \'stranded\' where a main verb has been omitted: John never sings, but Mary does
Emphasis is when Auxiliaries can be used for emphasis: I do like cheese
Negation is when Auxiliaries take not or n't to form the negative, E.g. cannot, don't, wouldn't
Inversion is when the Auxiliaries invert with what precedes them when we form questions: [I will] see you soon ~[Will I] see you soon?
Code means Auxiliaries may occur \'stranded\' where a main verb has been omitted: John never sings, but Mary does
Emphasis is when Auxiliaries can be used for emphasis: I do like cheese
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Main verbs do not exhibit these properties. For instance, when we form a question using a main verb, we cannot invert:
[John sings] in the choir ~*[Sings John] in the choir?
Instead, we have to use the auxiliary verb do:
[John sings] in the choir ~[Does John sing] in the choir?
[John sings] in the choir ~*[Sings John] in the choir?
Instead, we have to use the auxiliary verb do:
[John sings] in the choir ~[Does John sing] in the choir?
| Identify the word in caps as Main Verb or Auxiliary Verb: 'I will HAVE the soup.' |
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Auxiliary verb
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Main Verb
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| Identify the word in caps as Main Verb or Auxiliary Verb: 'Police ARE investigating the incident.' |
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Main Verb
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Auxiliary Verb
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| Identify the word in caps as Main Verb or Auxiliary Verb: 'He DOES his homework on the way to school.' |
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Main Verb
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Auxiliary Verb
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| Identify the word in caps as Main Verb or Auxiliary Verb: 'You SHOULD definitely see this movie.' |
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Auxiliary Verb
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Main Verb
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| Identify the word in caps as Main Verb or Auxiliary Verb: 'I DO trust you but you still shouldn't go to that party' |
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Auxiliary Verb
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Main Verb
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| Identify the word in caps as Main Verb or Auxiliary Verb: 'This old house HAS no central heating.' |
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Auxiliary Verb
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Main Verb
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| Identify the word in caps as Main Verb or Auxiliary Verb: 'Can I HAVE a glass of water?' |
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Auxiliary Verb
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Main Verb
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| Identify the word in caps as Main Verb or Auxiliary Verb: 'I HAVE had this computer for three years.' |
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Main verb
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Auxiliary Verb
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| Identify the highlighted word as Main Verb or Auxiliary Verb: 'She has HAD her dog since 2005.' |
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Main Verb
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Auxiliary Verb
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| Identify the word in caps as Main Verb or Auxiliary Verb: 'Lisa HAS been singing for 10 minutes now.' |
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Main Verb
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Auxiliary Verb
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| Identify the word in caps as Main Verb or Auxiliary Verb: 'My parents HAD fish for dinner.' |
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Auxiliary Verb
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Main Verb
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| Identify the word in caps as Main Verb or Auxiliary Verb: 'Did you HAVE a shower this morning?' |
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Auxiliary Verb
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Main Verb
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| Identify the word in caps as Main Verb or Auxiliary Verb: 'Frank HAD played tennis when he was 12. ' |
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Main Verb
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Auxiliary Verb
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| Identify the word in caps as Main Verb or Auxiliary Verb: 'Look, the bus is coming. We HAVE to hurry.' |
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Main Verb
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Auxiliary Verb
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| Identify the word in caps as Main Verb or Auxiliary Verb: 'HAS Mrs Jones written the essay? ' |
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Main Verb
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Auxiliary Verb
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