Lesson 382 Word Order in Sentences

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English sentences are divided into declarative sentences (statements - positive or negative), interrogative sentences (questions), imperative sentences (commands, requests), and exclamatory sentences.
Declarative sentences are the most common type of sentences. Word order in declarative sentences serves as a basis for word order in the other types of sentences.

The main minimal pattern of basic word order in English declarative sentences is SUBJECT and PREDICATE.
E.g.
i) Maria works.
ii) Time flies.

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In a normal (declarative) sentence, the subject of a sentence comes directly in front of the verb. The direct object (when there is one) comes directly after it:
E.g.
i) The man wrote a letter
ii) People who live in house made of glass, shouldn't throw stones
iii) I can speak English

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If a sentence has any other parts to it - indirect objects, adverbs or adverb phrases - these usually come in specific places.

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The position of the indirect object

Indirect Object: a noun phrase referring to someone or something that is affected by the action of a transitive verb (typically as a recipient), but is not the primary object.

E.g.
Him in 'Give him the book.' (Subject 'you' is implied)
The primary object is the book, as it is the 'book' that is being given (by someone, the subject). The indirect object is 'him', the person who receives the book.

The indirect object follows the direct object when it is formed with the preposition to:

E.g.
i) Give the book to him. (Subject 'you' is implied)
ii) Maria gave the book to Ram.

The indirect object comes in front of the direct object if to is omitted.E.g.
i) Give him the book. (Subject 'you' is implied)
ii) Maria gave Ram the book.

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Arrange the following words to form an affirmative sentence:

தகுந்த வார்த்தைகளை அதற்கான சரியான வரிசையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

• going to
• give his
• a present
• he
• is
• sister

Arrange the following words to form an affirmative sentence:

தகுந்த வார்த்தைகளை அதற்கான சரியான வரிசையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

• gave
• some
• the doctor
• medicine
• the child

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Sometimes, the subject or object may be complex to understand.
E.g.
The students (S) enjoyed (V) taking that course (O).
In this sentence, the act of taking that course serves as the object of the verb enjoyed.

Taking that course (S) improved (V) the students' skills (O).
'Taking that course' here, serves as the subject of the sentence.

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Arrange the following words to form an affirmative sentence:

தகுந்த வார்த்தைகளை அதற்கான சரியான வரிசையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

• talk
• everyone
• to
• Mary
• can

Arrange the following words to form an affirmative sentence:

தகுந்த வார்த்தைகளை அதற்கான சரியான வரிசையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

• has
• she
• her
• secret
• kept

'When we make a sentence in English, we normally follow the following order'^~^'typefacestyle'

Subject	Verb/Verb+preposition	Object	Manner	Place	Time
The boy	studies	English		at school	every day.
The maid	cleans	the house	thoroughly		every morning.
John	works		hard		every day.
Mary	will marry	George			tomorrow.

Arrange the following words to form an affirmative sentence:

தகுந்த வார்த்தைகளை அதற்கான சரியான வரிசையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

• spend
• at home
• we will
• holiday
• our

Arrange the following words to form an affirmative sentence (use all the words)

தகுந்த வார்த்தைகளை அதற்கான சரியான வரிசையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

• Laura
• plays the guitar
• mine
• a friend
• of
• named

'Word order in subordinate clauses
In subordinate clauses, the word order is the same as in simple affirmative sentences. (Conjunctions are often used between two clauses)'^~^'typefacestyle'

conjunction	subject	verb(s)	indirect object	direct object	place	time
	I	will tell	you	the story	at school	tomorrow
because	I	dont have		time		now.

Form a affirmative sentence using these words:

தகுந்த வார்த்தைகளை அதற்கான சரியான வரிசையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

• is
• crying
• she is
• hungry
• because
• she

Form a negative sentence using these words:

தகுந்த வார்த்தைகளை அதற்கான சரியான வரிசையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

• not
• him
• I
• last night
• see
• did

'Word order in negative sentences
The word order in the negative sentences is the same as affirmative sentences. Note, however, that in negative sentences we usually need an auxiliary verb'^~^'typefacestyle'

subject	verb(s)	indirect object	direct object	place	time
I	will not tell	you	the story	at school	tomorrow.

Form a negative sentence using these words:

தகுந்த வார்த்தைகளை அதற்கான சரியான வரிசையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

• give him
• I did
• the
• not
• letter
• was

Form a negative sentence using these words:

தகுந்த வார்த்தைகளை அதற்கான சரியான வரிசையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

• tomorrow
• England
• not in
• she
• is

Form a negative sentence using these words:

தகுந்த வார்த்தைகளை அதற்கான சரியான வரிசையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

• not
• the truth
• he
• tell
• you
• did

Form a negative sentence using these words:

தகுந்த வார்த்தைகளை அதற்கான சரியான வரிசையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

• to
• the truth
• did not
• he
• tell
• you

Pick the correct option: ஆடியோ கேட்டு சரியான ஆப்ஷன் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

We do not want to go to the cinema.

We want to do not go to the cinema.

Arrange the following words to form an affirmative sentence:

தகுந்த வார்த்தைகளை அதற்கான சரியான வரிசையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

• Spanish
• cousin
• because
• my
• it's simple
• likes

Pick the correct option: ஆங்கிலத்தில் மொழிபெயர்ப்பு செய்யவும்

My friend is not going to London.

My friend not is going to London.

My friend is going to London not.

My friend is going not to London.

Form a negative statement using the following words:

தகுந்த வார்த்தைகளை அதற்கான சரியான வரிசையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

• to a party
• not
• we
• going
• are
• do not

Form a negative statement using the following words:

தகுந்த வார்த்தைகளை அதற்கான சரியான வரிசையில் தேர்ந்தெடுக்கவும்

• have
• not
• we
• time
• do
• are

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