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The word volcano is derived from Vulcano, a volcanic island in the Aeolian Islands of Italy whose name in turn originates from Vulcan, the name of a God of fire in Roman mythology.
The study of volcanoes is called volcanology, sometimes spelled vulcanology.
The study of volcanoes is called volcanology, sometimes spelled vulcanology.
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| 'What is the name of the Islands mentioned in Italy?' Choose the correct answer. |
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Vulcano
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Aeolian
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| 'Who is Vulcan?' Choose the correct answer. |
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The God of Ashes
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The God of Fire
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Earth's volcanoes occur because its crust is broken into 17 major, rigid tectonic plates that float on a hotter, softer layer in its mantle. Therefore, on Earth, volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging and converging.
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| 'How many tectonic plates is the crust broken in to?' Choose the correct answer. |
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17
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77
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| 'What is the nature of the tectonic plates where volcanoes are generally found?' Choose the correct answer. |
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Diverging
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Diverging and Converging
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Volcanoes can also form where there is stretching and thinning of the crust's interior plates. This type of volcanism falls under the umbrella of \'plate hypothesis\' volcanism.
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| 'What volcanism falls under stretching and thinning of the crust's interior plates?' Choose the correct answer. |
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Plate Hypothesis
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Plain Hypothesis
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Volcanism away from plate boundaries has also been explained as mantle plumes. These so-called \'hotspots\', are postulated to arise from upwelling diapirs with magma from the core–mantle boundary, 3,000 km deep in the Earth.
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| 'What are volcanisms that are away from plate boundaries?' Choose the correct answer. |
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Mantle Plumes
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Mantle Fumes
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| 'What do these hot spots arise from?' Choose the correct answer. |
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Upwelling Diapirs
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Magma
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Erupting volcanoes can pose many hazards, and not only in the immediate vicinity of the eruption. One such hazard is that volcanic ash can be a threat to the aircraft, in particular those with jet engines where ash particles can be melted by the high-operating temperature.
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| 'How do jet engines melt?' Choose the correct answer. |
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By high-operating temperature
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By volcanic ash
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Large eruptions can affect temperature as ash and droplets of sulphuric acid obscure the sun and cool the Earth's troposphere. However, they also absorb heat radiated up from the Earth, thereby warming the stratosphere. Historically, so-called volcanic winters have caused catastrophic-famines.
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| 'What droplets obscure the sun?' Choose the correct answer. |
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Sulphuric acid
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Eruption droplets
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| 'What does the radiated heat warm?' Choose the correct answer. |
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Troposphere
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Stratosphere
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