are these is these this that those kaise lagane ka samjh nahi aa raha hai

"These and this" are used when things are near(pas). "Those and that" are used when things are far(dur). but "These and those" are used when things are plural and "this and that" are used when things are singular. For example - 1. This is a chair. ye ek chair hai.(chair is near and one chair) 2. That is my house. vo mera ghar hai.(house is far and one house) 3. These are my books. Yeh meri kitabe hai. (books are near and many) 4. Those are my books. vo meri books hai. (Books are far and many) I Hope you understood.

Okey... now see : There are my friends.(are) These are our bats. (these) This is you bat.(is) That is my car. (that) Those are our apples.(those) Ok dear..see.. perhaps, you should read all the tense (Present/Past/Future )